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| 1642 |
| | | Charles I comes in person to the House of Commons, but fails in his attempt to arrest the Five Members whom he accuses of treason | |
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| 1649 |
| | | After a trial lasting a week in Westminster Hall, Charles I is convicted of treason for fighting a war against parliament | |
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| 1649 |
| | | Charles I is beheaded on a scaffold erected in the street in London's Whitehall | |
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| 1649 |
| | | Parliament chooses Oliver Cromwell to chair the new English Commonwealth's council of state | |
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| 1653 |
| | | Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth for life, under legislation entitled the Instrument of Government | |
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| 1658 |
| | | Cromwell dies after naming his son Richard to succeed him in the office of Lord Protector | |
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| 1660 |
| | | General George Monck marches south from Scotland to London, to intervene in England's unresolved political crisis | |
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| 1660 |
| | | Charles II lands at Dover and is given a warm welcome in London four days later | |
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| c. 1669 |
| | | The duke of York, heir to the English and Scottish thrones, is secretly received into the Roman Catholic church | |
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| 1672 |
| | | Charles II issues a Declaration of Indulgence, suspending the restrictions on Catholics and Nonconformists | |
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